Class SeaWater


  • public final class SeaWater
    extends Object
    Sea water properties as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density is computed using the 1980 definition of Equation of State (EOS80). Units are:
    • Salinity: Pratical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78).
    • Temperature: Celsius degrees according International Temperature Scale 1968 (ITS-68).
    • Pressure: decibars (1 dbar = 10 kPa).
    Since:
    2.1
    Author:
    Bernard Pelchat, Martin Desruisseaux (PMO, IRD)
    • Field Summary

      Fields 
      Modifier and Type Field Description
      static double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
      Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample.
    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double conductivity​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double density​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double densitySigmaT​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double depth​(double P, double lat)
      Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.
      static double fusionTemperature​(double S, double P)
      Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.
      static double salinity​(double C, double T, double P)
      Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.
      static double saturationO2​(double S, double T)
      Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.
      static double soundVelocity​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double specificHeat​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double volume​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      static double volumeAnomaly​(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    • Field Detail

      • STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY

        public static final double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
        Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample. S is for Siemens (or Mho, its the same...).
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values
    • Method Detail

      • density

        public static double density​(double S,
                                     double T,
                                     double P)
        Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Density (kg/m³).
      • densitySigmaT

        public static double densitySigmaT​(double S,
                                           double T,
                                           double P)
        Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density Sigma-T is equivalent to the true density minus 1000 kg/m³, and has typical values around 35. This computation avoid some rouding errors occuring in the true density computation.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Density Sigma-T (kg/m³).
      • volume

        public static double volume​(double S,
                                    double T,
                                    double P)
        Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. This quantity if the inverse of density. This method is equivalent to 1/density(S,T,P) .
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Volume (m³/kg).
      • volumeAnomaly

        public static double volumeAnomaly​(double S,
                                           double T,
                                           double P)
        Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Volumic anomaly is defined as the sea water sample's volume minus a standard sample's volume, where the standard sample is a sample of salinity 35, temperature 0°C and the same pressure. In pseudo-code, volumeAnomaly is equivalent to volume(S,T,P)-volume(35,0,P).
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Volumic anomaly (m³/kg).
      • salinity

        public static double salinity​(double C,
                                      double T,
                                      double P)
        Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        C - Conductivity in mS/cm (millisiemens by centimeters). Multiply par STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY if C is not a real conductivity, but instead the ratio between the sample's conductivity and the standard sample's conductivity.
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Salinity PSS-78.
      • conductivity

        public static double conductivity​(double S,
                                          double T,
                                          double P)
        Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
        T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
        P - Pressure (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Conductivity in mS/cm.
      • specificHeat

        public static double specificHeat​(double S,
                                          double T,
                                          double P)
        Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78.
        T - Temperature (°C).
        P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Specific heat (J/(kg×°C)).
      • fusionTemperature

        public static double fusionTemperature​(double S,
                                               double P)
        Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78.
        P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Melting point (°C).
      • adiabeticTemperatureGradient

        public static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient​(double S,
                                                          double T,
                                                          double P)
        Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78.
        T - Temperature (°C).
        P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Adiabetic temperature gradient (°C/dbar).
      • depth

        public static double depth​(double P,
                                   double lat)
        Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.
        Parameters:
        P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        lat - Latitude in degrees (-90 to 90°)
        Returns:
        Depth (m).
      • soundVelocity

        public static double soundVelocity​(double S,
                                           double T,
                                           double P)
        Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78.
        T - Temperature (°C).
        P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
        Returns:
        Sound velocity (m/s).
      • saturationO2

        public static double saturationO2​(double S,
                                          double T)
        Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.
        Parameters:
        S - Salinity PSS-78.
        T - Temperature (°C).
        Returns:
        Saturation in disolved oxygen (µmol/kg).