Package org.geotools.nature
Class SeaWater
- Object
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- SeaWater
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public final class SeaWater extends Object
Sea water properties as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density is computed using the 1980 definition of Equation of State (EOS80). Units are:- Salinity: Pratical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78).
- Temperature: Celsius degrees according International Temperature Scale 1968 (ITS-68).
- Pressure: decibars (1 dbar = 10 kPa).
- Since:
- 2.1
- Author:
- Bernard Pelchat, Martin Desruisseaux (PMO, IRD)
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Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description static double
STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample.
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Method Summary
All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description static double
adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S, double T, double P)
Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
conductivity(double S, double T, double P)
Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
density(double S, double T, double P)
Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
densitySigmaT(double S, double T, double P)
Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
depth(double P, double lat)
Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.static double
fusionTemperature(double S, double P)
Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.static double
salinity(double C, double T, double P)
Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.static double
saturationO2(double S, double T)
Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.static double
soundVelocity(double S, double T, double P)
Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
specificHeat(double S, double T, double P)
Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
volume(double S, double T, double P)
Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.static double
volumeAnomaly(double S, double T, double P)
Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
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Field Detail
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STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
public static final double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample. S is for Siemens (or Mho, its the same...).- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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Method Detail
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density
public static double density(double S, double T, double P)
Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Density (kg/m³).
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densitySigmaT
public static double densitySigmaT(double S, double T, double P)
Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density Sigma-T is equivalent to the true density minus 1000 kg/m³, and has typical values around 35. This computation avoid some rouding errors occuring in the true density computation.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Density Sigma-T (kg/m³).
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volume
public static double volume(double S, double T, double P)
Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. This quantity if the inverse of density. This method is equivalent to1/
.density
(S,T,P)- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Volume (m³/kg).
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volumeAnomaly
public static double volumeAnomaly(double S, double T, double P)
Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Volumic anomaly is defined as the sea water sample's volume minus a standard sample's volume, where the standard sample is a sample of salinity 35, temperature 0°C and the same pressure. In pseudo-code,volumeAnomaly
is equivalent tovolume
(S,T,P)-volume
(35,0,P)- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Volumic anomaly (m³/kg).
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salinity
public static double salinity(double C, double T, double P)
Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
C
- Conductivity in mS/cm (millisiemens by centimeters). Multiply parSTANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
ifC
is not a real conductivity, but instead the ratio between the sample's conductivity and the standard sample's conductivity.T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Salinity PSS-78.
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conductivity
public static double conductivity(double S, double T, double P)
Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)T
- Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)P
- Pressure (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Conductivity in mS/cm.
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specificHeat
public static double specificHeat(double S, double T, double P)
Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78.T
- Temperature (°C).P
- Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Specific heat (J/(kg×°C)).
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fusionTemperature
public static double fusionTemperature(double S, double P)
Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78.P
- Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Melting point (°C).
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adiabeticTemperatureGradient
public static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S, double T, double P)
Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78.T
- Temperature (°C).P
- Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Adiabetic temperature gradient (°C/dbar).
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depth
public static double depth(double P, double lat)
Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.- Parameters:
P
- Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.lat
- Latitude in degrees (-90 to 90°)- Returns:
- Depth (m).
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soundVelocity
public static double soundVelocity(double S, double T, double P)
Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78.T
- Temperature (°C).P
- Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.- Returns:
- Sound velocity (m/s).
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saturationO2
public static double saturationO2(double S, double T)
Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.- Parameters:
S
- Salinity PSS-78.T
- Temperature (°C).- Returns:
- Saturation in disolved oxygen (µmol/kg).
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