Package org.geotools.nature

Class SeaWater

Object
SeaWater
public final class SeaWater extends Object
Sea water properties as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density is computed using the 1980 definition of Equation of State (EOS80). Units are:
  • Salinity: Pratical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS-78).
  • Temperature: Celsius degrees according International Temperature Scale 1968 (ITS-68).
  • Pressure: decibars (1 dbar = 10 kPa).
Since:
2.1
Author:
Bernard Pelchat, Martin Desruisseaux (PMO, IRD)

  • Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type
    Field
    Description
    static final double
    STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
    Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    static double
    adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    conductivity(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    density(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    densitySigmaT(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    depth(double P, double lat)
    Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.
    static double
    fusionTemperature(double S, double P)
    Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.
    static double
    salinity(double C, double T, double P)
    Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    saturationO2(double S, double T)
    Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.
    static double
    soundVelocity(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    specificHeat(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    volume(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
    static double
    volumeAnomaly(double S, double T, double P)
    Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.

    Methods inherited from class Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

  • Field Details

    • STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY

      public static final double STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY
      Conductivity (in mS/cm) of a standard sea water sample. S is for Siemens (or Mho, its the same...).
      See Also:

  • Method Details

    • density

      public static double density(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes density as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Density (kg/m³).

    • densitySigmaT

      public static double densitySigmaT(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes density sigma-T as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Density Sigma-T is equivalent to the true density minus 1000 kg/m³, and has typical values around 35. This computation avoid some rouding errors occuring in the true density computation.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Density Sigma-T (kg/m³).

    • volume

      public static double volume(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes volume as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. This quantity if the inverse of density. This method is equivalent to 1/density(S,T,P) .
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Volume (m³/kg).

    • volumeAnomaly

      public static double volumeAnomaly(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes volumic anomaly as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure. Volumic anomaly is defined as the sea water sample's volume minus a standard sample's volume, where the standard sample is a sample of salinity 35, temperature 0°C and the same pressure. In pseudo-code, volumeAnomaly is equivalent to volume(S,T,P)-volume(35,0,P).
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Volumic anomaly (m³/kg).

    • salinity

      public static double salinity(double C, double T, double P)
      Computes salinity as a function of conductivity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      C - Conductivity in mS/cm (millisiemens by centimeters). Multiply par STANDARD_CONDUCTIVITY if C is not a real conductivity, but instead the ratio between the sample's conductivity and the standard sample's conductivity.
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure in decibars (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Salinity PSS-78.

    • conductivity

      public static double conductivity(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes conductivity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78 (0 to 42)
      T - Temperature ITS-68 (-2 to 40°C)
      P - Pressure (0 to 105 dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Conductivity in mS/cm.

    • specificHeat

      public static double specificHeat(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes specific heat as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78.
      T - Temperature (°C).
      P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Specific heat (J/(kg×°C)).

    • fusionTemperature

      public static double fusionTemperature(double S, double P)
      Computes fusion temperature (melting point) as a function of salinity and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78.
      P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Melting point (°C).

    • adiabeticTemperatureGradient

      public static double adiabeticTemperatureGradient(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes adiabetic temperature gradient as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78.
      T - Temperature (°C).
      P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Adiabetic temperature gradient (°C/dbar).

    • depth

      public static double depth(double P, double lat)
      Computes depth as a function of pressure and latitude.
      Parameters:
      P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      lat - Latitude in degrees (-90 to 90°)
      Returns:
      Depth (m).

    • soundVelocity

      public static double soundVelocity(double S, double T, double P)
      Computes sound velocity as a function of salinity, temperature and pressure.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78.
      T - Temperature (°C).
      P - Pressure (dbar), not including atmospheric pressure.
      Returns:
      Sound velocity (m/s).

    • saturationO2

      public static double saturationO2(double S, double T)
      Computes saturation in disolved oxygen as a function of salinity and temperature.
      Parameters:
      S - Salinity PSS-78.
      T - Temperature (°C).
      Returns:
      Saturation in disolved oxygen (µmol/kg).